猫鹿

体育英语体育英语... １

杂类.. １

体育名词总览.. １

世界杯足球英语.. ３

足球知识知多少？.. ３

F1方程式比赛中各种旗帜的含义.. ４

ＮＢＡ篮球运动员的殿堂.. ４

拳击运动英语.. ６

意甲雄风尤文图斯的历史.. ６

羽毛球的规则.. ７

有关足球的短文.. ９

绅士运动高尔夫.. １０

自行车，摩托车比赛术语.. １０

竞技体育比赛常用语.. １０

常见射箭场地、器材用语.. １０

武术比赛器材用语.. １０

乒乓球场地、器材用语.. １１


杂类

俯卧撑：push-up= press-up
仰卧起坐：sit-up= sit up
引体向上：pull-up=chin-up

体育名词总览


竞技性运动competitive sport
用粉笔记下（分数等）；达到，得到 chalk up
出名 make one's mark
体育项目（尤指重要比赛） event
体育 PE (Physical Education)
体格、体质 physique
培训 groom
余的，带零头的 odd
年少者 junior
残疾人 the handicapped/disabled
学龄前儿童 preschool
全体；普通；一般 at large
平均寿命 life expectancy
复兴 revitalize
使有系统；整理 systemize
历史悠久的 time-honored
跳板 spring-board
秋千 swing
石弓，弩 crossbow

（比赛等的）观众 spectator
取得进展 make headway
体育大国/强国 sporting/sports power
与...有关系，加入 be affiliated to/with
落后 lag behind
武术 martial arts
五禽戏 five-animal exercises
体育运动 physical culture and sports
增强体质 to strengthen one's physique

可喜的，令人满意的 gratifying
称号，绰号 label
涌现出来 to come to the fore

源源不断 a steady flow of
队伍 contingent
又红又专/思想好，业务精 to be both socialist-minded and vocationally proficient
体育界 sports circle(s)
承担义务 to undertake obligation
黑马 dark horse
冷门 an unexpected winner; dark horse
爆冷门 to produce an unexpected winner
发展体育运动，增强人民体质 Promote physical culture and build up the people's health
锻炼身体，保卫祖国 Build up a good physique to defend the country
为祖国争光 to win honors for the motherland
胜不骄，败不馁 Do not become cocky/be dizzy with success, nor downcast over/discouraged by defeat.
体育道德 sportsmanship
打出水平，打出风格 up to one's best level in skill and style of play
竞技状态好 in good form
失常 to lose one's usual form
比分领先 to outscore
打成平局 to draw/to tie/to play even/to level the score
失利 to lose
中华人民共和国运动委员会（国家体委） Physical Culture and Sports Commission of the PRC (State Physical Culture and Sports Commission)
中华全国体育总会 All-China Sports Federation
国际奥林匹克委员会 International Olympic Committee
少年业余体育学校 youth spare-time sports school, youth amateur athletic school
辅导站 coaching center
体育中心 sports center/complex
竞赛信息中心 competition information center
运动会 sports meet; athletic meeting; games
全国运动会 National Games
世界大学生运动会 World University Games; Universiade
比赛地点 competition/sports venue(s)
国际比赛 international tournament
邀请赛 invitational/invitational tournament
锦标赛 championship
东道国 host country/nation
体育场 stadium; sports field/ground
体育馆 gymnasium, gym; indoor stadium
比赛场馆 competition gymnasiums and stadiums
练习场馆 training gymnasiums
操场 playground; sports ground; drill ground
体育活动 sports/sporting activities
体育锻炼 physical training
体育锻炼标准 standard for physical training
体育疗法 physical exercise therapy; sports therapy
广播操 setting-up exercises to music
课/工间操 physical exercises during breaks
体育工作者 physical culture workers, sports organizer
运动爱好者 sports fan/enthusiast
观众 spectator
啦啦队 cheering-section
啦啦队长 cheer-leader
国家队 national team
种子队 seeded team
主队 home team
客队 visiting team
教练员 coach
裁判员 referee, umpire
裁判长 chief referee
团体项目 team event
单项 individual event
男子项目 men's event
女子项目 women's event
冠军 champion; gold medalist
全能冠军 all-round champion
亚军 running-up; second; silver medalist
第三名 third; bronze medalist
世界纪录保持者 world-record holder
运动员 athlete; sportsman
种子选手 seeded player; seed
优秀选手 top-ranking/topnotch athlete
田径运动 track and field; athletics
田赛 field events
竞赛 track events
跳高 high jump
撑杆跳高 pole jump; polevault
跳远 long/broad jump
三级跳远 hop, step and jump; triple jump
标枪 javelin throw
铅球 shot put
铁饼 discus throw
链球 hammer throw
马拉松赛跑 Marathon (race)
接力 relay race; relay
跨栏比赛 hurdles; hurdle race
竞走 walking; walking race
体操 gymnastics
自由体操 floor/free exercises
技巧运动 acrobatic gymnastics
垫上运动 mat exercises
单杠 horizontal bar
双杠 parallel bars

高低杠 uneven bars; high-low bars
吊环 rings
跳马 vaulting horse
鞍马 pommel horse
平衡木 balance beam
球类运动 ball games
足球 football; soccer
足球场 field; pitch
篮球 basketball
篮球场 basketball court
排球 volleyball
乒乓球 table tennis; ping pong
乒乓球拍 racket; bat
羽毛球运动 badminton
羽毛球 shuttlecock; shuttle
球拍 racket
网球 tennis
棒球 baseball
垒球 softball
棒/垒球场 baseball(soft ball)field/ground
手球 handball
手球场 handball field
曲棍球 hockey; field hockey
冰上运动 ice sports
冰球运动 ice hockey
冰球场 rink
冰球 puck; rubber
速度滑冰 speed skating
花样滑冰 figure skating
冰场 skating rink; ice rink
人工冰场 artificial ice stadium
滑雪 skiing
速度滑雪 cross country ski racing
高山滑雪 alpine skiing
水上运动 water/acquatic sports
水上运动中心 aquatic sports center
水球（运动）water polo

水球场 playing pool
滑水 water-skiing
冲浪 surfing
游泳 swimming
游泳池 swimming pool
游泳馆 natatorium
自由泳 freestyle; crawl (stroke)
蛙泳 breaststroke
侧泳 sidestroke
蝶泳 butterfly (stroke)
海豚式 dolphin stroke/kick
蹼泳 fin swimming
跳水 diving
跳台跳水 platform diving
跳板跳水 springboard diving
赛艇运动 rowing
滑艇/皮艇 canoeing
帆船运动 yachting; sailing
赛龙船 dragon-boat racing
室内运动 indoor sports
举重 weightlifting
重量级 heavyweight
中量级 middleweight
轻量级 lightweight
拳击 boxing
摔交 wresting
击剑 fencing
射击 shooting
靶场 shooting range
射箭 archery
拳术 quanshu; barehanded exercise; Chinese boxing
气功 qigong; breathing exercises
自行车运动 cycling; cycle racing
赛车场（自行车等的）倾斜赛车场 cycling track
室内自行车赛场 indoor velodrome
摩托运动 motorcycling
登山运动 mountaineering; mountain-climbing
骑术 horsemanship
赛马场 equestrian park
国际象棋 (international) chess
特级大师 grandmaster
象棋 xiangqi; Chinese chess
围棋 weiqi; go
航空模型 aeromodel; model aeroplane
航海模型 marine modelling; model ship
跳伞 parachuting
定点跳伞 accuracy jump; precision landing
无线电定向 radio direction finding
造型跳伞 relative work
滑翔运动 gliding; sailplaning
技巧 sports acrobatics
拔河 tug-of-war
毽子 shuttlecock
踢毽子 shuttlecock kicking
毽秋 jianqiu; shuttlecock playing
世界杯足球英语


　　FIFA-这个单词大家是非常熟悉了，就是“国际足联”的意思，全称是“Federation International Football Association”。
　　好，我们首先来看看参加这次世界杯的32支球队(team)的中英对照：
　　China PR中国  　　Japan日本  　　Korea Republic韩国  　　Saudi Arabia沙特阿拉伯
　　Cameroon喀麦隆  　　Nigeria尼日利亚 　　Senegal塞内加尔　　South Africa南非
　　Tunisia突尼斯　　Costa Rica哥斯达黎加　　Mexico墨西哥　　USA美国　　Argentina阿根廷
　　Brazil巴西　　Ecuador厄瓜多尔　　Paraguay巴拉圭　　Uruguay乌拉圭　　Belgium比利时
　　Croatia克罗地亚　　Denmark丹麦　　England英格兰　　France法国　　Germany德国
　　Republic of Ireland爱尔兰　　Italy意大利　　Poland波兰　　Portugal葡萄牙　　Russia俄罗斯
　　Slovenia斯洛文尼亚　　Spain西班牙　　Sweden瑞典　　Turkey土耳其
red card红牌
　　yellow card黄牌　　The goal is disallowed进球无效 　　foul play严重犯规
　　kick-off开球　　bicycle kick，overhead kick倒钩球　　corner ball，corner角球
　　goal kick球门球　　hand ball手球　　header头球　　penalty kick点球
　　free kick任意球　　fair charge合理冲撞　　close-marking defence盯人防守
　　deceptive movement假动作　　slide tackle铲球　　toshoot射门　　mishit未射中
　　offside越位　　to pass the ball传球　　to break through带球过人　　toseta wall筑人墙
　　a hat trick帽子戏法　　time wasting tactics拖延战术　　cheering squad拉拉队
　　locker room (运动员)休息室、更衣室　　nation team国家队　　coach教练
　　Stop holding不许拉人　　Stop pushing不许推人
　　Don＇t hold up the game不要延误时间
足球知识知多少？


TEAMS Each soccer team has eleven players and three substitute, or reserve players. The team consists of a goalkeeper, defenders, midfield players, and forwards (or strikers). The object of the game is to get the ball into your opponent's goal.
球队 每支球队有11名场上队员和3名替补队员。球队包括守门员、防守队员、中场队员和前锋。比赛的目的就是要将足球踢人对方的球门。
THE MATCH A game of soccer is called a match and is split into two halves of 45 minutes each, with a 15-minute break at halftime. A referee and two assistants make sure that nobody cheats or breaks the rules.
比赛 足球比赛分为两个半场，每半场各45分钟，上下半场中间有15分钟的休息时间。比赛有一位主裁判和两名助理裁判，他们的职责是监督是否有球员作弊或者是犯规。
GOALKEEPNG Goalkeeping is a special skill. While the rest of the team can afford to make mistakes, if the goalkeeper makes one, it usually results in a goal for the opposition. Above Your Head The best way to catch a ball above your head is by joining the thumbs and forefingers of your hands together so there is a small arch between your hands. Chest or Head Jump off one leg and cradle the ball comfortably to your chest. The ball should rest on your forearms, with your hands holding it from above. Left or Right Always try to get both hands behind the ball and hold on tight. As soon as you've caught it, bring the ball quickly into the safety of your body.
守门 守门是一项特殊的技能。队里的其他球员有失误问题还不太要紧，但守门员的失误就常常导致对方进球。 过顶球 处理过顶球的最佳方法是用大拇指和其他手指一起来接球，因为那样双手之间可形成一个拱形。胸前或眼前球 单脚跳起，把球自然地抱在怀里。用前臂夹住球，两手从前臂上方抱住球。左侧球或右侧球 要尽量从球后方来牢牢地接住球，一旦接住了球，就要赶快把球抱住。
F1方程式比赛中各种旗帜的含义


When you are watching the wonderful F1,have you noticed the flags of different colors? And do you know the exact meaning of it? If not, look further for some information.
RED FLAG : Usually the red flag appears only at the beginning and the end of the match. When there is an accident that may be a threat to other players' safety, it will also appear signing the end of the match.
WHITE FLAG : A waving flag means you may be delayed by a slow-speed one or one that has received a heavy accident. And a still one means that there is a slow-speed motor-cycle is in the way.
BLACK FLAG : The black flag appears with a white code board .It means the motor-cycle with the code on the board should have to return to the repair station before he finishes the next circle. Usually the driver receives the black flag as a punishment. He will have to stay in the repair station for ten more seconds, which is rather long for a F1 player.
BLACK FLAG AND WHITE FLAG : Warning to the player who has fouled but not very too seriously.
BLACK FLAG WITH A RED CIRCLE : It is used to warn a driver that there is something wrong with his motor. With the flag there is also a code-board, which is to identify the player.
BLUE FLAG : In the practice, a waving flag means "the motor behind is going to pass, give way." and a still one means "the motor behind you is faster than you, give way."
In formal match, a waving flag means "give way, or you will be awarded a black flag." and a still one means "give way for the behind one is lapping."
YELLOW FLAG WITH RED STRIPES : The surface of the road is very wet, be careful.
YELLOW FLAG : Still: slow down and be careful for there is an accident forward .
Waving: slow down and be ready to change your racing line.
Double waving: it has the same meaning as mentioned above, besides it also means "get ready to stop for there may be a Safe Car or a red flag in you forward line.
BLACK AND WHITE FLAG : It is also called Check flag. It means the end of the match after the driver passes it, no matter you have raced enough circles.
ＮＢＡ篮球运动员的殿堂


　　The National Basketball Association (NBA) is the major professional basketball league in the world, with teams from the United States and Canada. With the addition of the Toronto Raptors and the ancouver Grizzlies prior to the 1995～ 1996 season, the NBA expanded to 29 teams competing in two conferences, the Eastern and Western, in four separate divisions. Each team conducts a training camp in October to determine its 12- player roster. Training camp allows each team to evaluate players, especially rookies (first-year players), to assess the team's strengths and weaknesses, and to prepare players for the upcoming season through a series of on-court drills and practice of offensive and defensive strategy. After a series of exhibition games, the NBA begins its 82-game regular season in the first week of November.
　　In the second week of February, the NBA interrupts its season to celebrate the annual NBA All-Star game, featuring the game's best players as selected by the general balloting of fans throughout the United States and Canada. After the NBA season concludes in the third week in April, a total of 16 teams qualify for the playoffs11(8 teams from each conference). In each conference the two division winners are guaranteed a playoff spot. The remaining playoff spots in each conference are awarded on the basis of win-loss records to the six next-best teams, regardless of division. The playoffs start with the teams with better records playing the teams with worse records in a best-of-five series, in which the winner is the first team to win three games. In subsequent rounds best-of-seven series are played, with the first team to earn four victories win ning the round. The playoffs continue in this elimination scheme until a conference champion is crowned. The champions from the Eastern and Western conferences then meet in a best-of-seven series to determine the NBA champion.
　　Every June the league conducts its amateur draft, in which each team obtains the rights to the professional services of the best collegiate and international players. Any player who has graduated from high school and is at least 17 years old qualifies for the NBA draft if that player renounces intercollegiate eligibility. To determine the draft order the NBA uses a draft lottery, introduced in 1985. Those teams that failed to qualify for the playoffs the previous season are eligible for the lottery. The lottery determines the first three teams to select in the draft. The remaining teams draft according to their win-loss record of the previous season, so that teams with poorer records draft higher than those with better records. The NBA draft consists of only two rounds, with a total of 58 players chosen. Those players not selected in the draft can be invited to try out for a team and are sometimes signed to playing contracts.
　　The NBA's official development league is the Continental Basketball Association (CBA). The league was founded in 1946 and now features 12 teams playing in two conferences. Many players, coaches, executives, and referees have honed their skills in the CBA before going on to NBA careers.
　　国家篮球协会(NBA)是世界上主要的职业篮球联盟，由美国和加拿大的球队组成。由于在1995～1996年赛季之前多伦多猛龙队和温哥华灰熊队的加入，NBA扩大到29支球队，比赛分东、西两个区各4个组举行。每支球队在10月份举办一个训练营以确定它的12名运动员名单。训练营允许每队评估运动员，特别是新手(第一年参赛运动员)；评价球队的优缺点；并通过一系列的场上训练以及攻防策略的实践，使运动员为即将到来的赛季作好准备。在一系列的表演赛之后，NBA于11月的第一周开始它82场比赛的常规赛季。
　　在2月的第2周，NBA中断赛季比赛，以便举行每年一度的NBA全明星比赛。该比赛的特点在于参赛运动员皆是由整个美国和加拿大球迷投票选出的最佳运动员。NBA常规赛季于4月的第3周结束。之后共有16支球队(每区各选出8支球队)有资格参加决赛。在每一个分会中，两个组区的第一名可稳操决赛的入场券。每个区的其余的决赛入场券则不分组别，根据球队的比赛成绩，给予其次的6支最好的球队。决赛先由成绩较好的球队与成绩较差的球队对阵，采取5局3胜制，先获得3场比赛胜利的球队出线。接下来的每轮比赛均采用7局4胜制，即先获得4场胜利的球队出线。这种淘汰制一直进行到决出分区的冠军。东、西分区的两支冠军队然后进行7局4胜制比赛，决出NBA的总冠军。
　　每年6月联盟进行其业余选秀。每支球队有权吸收大学和国际上最好的运动员为专业运动员。任何高中毕业年满17周岁的选手如果宣布放弃校际比赛资格即可参加NBA选秀。NBA采用1985年引入的抽签形式决定其选秀顺序。上个赛季未进入决赛的那些球队首先抽签选秀。由抽签决定哪3支球队首先选秀。其他球队按照前一赛季的比赛成绩决定先后，这样成绩较差的球队比成绩较好的球队先进行选秀。NBA选秀只有两轮，共有58名运动员供选。没有入选的选手可以接受邀请到某一球队试训，有时会与球队签约参赛。
　　NBA的官方开发联盟是大陆篮球协会(CBA)。该联盟于1946建立，现有12支球队，分为两个分会。很多运动员、教练、执行官和裁判在转入NBA职业比赛之前，已在CBA经过了磨练。 |
拳击运动英语


boxer 拳击运动员
boxing glove 拳击手套
boxing shoe 拳击鞋
infighting 近战
straight punch 直拳
uppercut 上钩拳
right hook 右钩拳
foul 犯规
punch bag 沙袋
punch ball 沙球
boxing match 拳击比赛
referee 裁判员
boxing ring 拳击台
rope 围绳
winner 胜利者
loser by a knockout 被击败出局者
timekeeper 计时员
boxing weights 拳击体重级别
light flyweight 48公斤级, 次特轻量级
flyweight 51公斤级, 特轻量级
bantamweight 54公斤级, 最轻量级
featherweight 57公斤级, 次轻量级
lightweight 60公斤级, 轻量级
light welterweight 63.5公斤级, 轻中量级
welterweight 67公斤级, 次中量级
light middleweight 71公斤级, 中量级
middleweight 75公斤级, 次重量级
light heavyweight 81公斤级, 重量级
heavyweight 81以上公斤级, 最重量级

意甲雄风尤文图斯的历史


In November 1897: A bench in Re Umberto Avenue finds a group of young students from Liceo D'Azeglio in Turin in need of something to do. They decide to start a sports club with the aim of playing football, a sport started in Great Britain, but developing fast in Europe. So the story goes - Juventus F.C. was born in this way - just for fun.

This club, ran by the first president Enrico Canfari, played against more experienced and organized teams in the city. However in 1905 Juventus won its first Italian title after a fascinating competition with two other teams - Genoa and Milan. Juventus F.C. chose their first home at D'Armi Square, which is still used today. For some years Juventus founders wore pink shirts - the same ones they wore when they started in 1900. The change to the black and white colors was made in 1903 after a wrong shipment was sent from England where the new strip was to be made. Despite growing achievements, Juventus were in the shadow of stronger teams like Provercelli and Casale until the outbreak of the First World War. After the war they continued to rise, with goalkeeper Giacone and the full backs Novo and Bruno the first to play in the national team. The President was the poet and man of letters Corrado Corradini, who wrote the club anthem that remained until the sixties.
In 1923 Giampiero Combi, one of the greatest goalkeepers in the world, made his debut. Edoardo Agnelli, son of the FIAT founder, was elected the new president of the club and due to the growing number of fans, Juventus took possession of a bigger stadium in Marsiglia Road. Jeno Karoly, the first real trainer, arrived at Juventus with the inside left Hirzer, both from Hungary, to supplement the talents of Combi, Rosetta, Munerati, Bigatto and Grabbi. In 1925-26, after a fascinating run-in, Juventus won their second championship.
In this glorious period Juventus won five consecutive championships. Trainer Carlo Carcano was able to call upon great stars such as Orsi, Caligaris, Monti, Cesarini, Varglien, Bertolini, Ferrari and Borel. Not only did Juve triumph in five championships from 1930 to 1935, the Italian national side also won the World Cup in 1934. During this period Juventus had their first experience in world football, participating in the Europe Cup (today's Champions League) where they reached the semi-final stage four times. In 1933 Juventus also changed its home: the town stadium was built for the World University Games and the team played there until 1990.
In 1947 Giovanni Agnelli became the president of the Juventus F.C. The most notable players from this period were Carlo Parolo, plus the two Danes John Hansen and Praest. The hero of the team however, and the holder of the record for both appearances (444) and goals (177), was Giampiero Boniperti. Juventus won 2 championships in 1950 and 1952. By 1955 Umberto Agnelli had taken over the Presidency from his older brother Giovanni. Having added the services of Omar Sivori and John Charles, Juventus won championships in 1958,1960 and 1961. For the first time an Italian Club became entitled to wear the star after winning 10 national championships.no5( 1959/60: Umberto Agnelli and Giampiero Boniperti are celebrating the conquest of the fourth Italian Cup)
1967 was another successful championship year for Juve under the presidency of Vittore Catella. A long successful period started with Giampiero Boniperti as president in 1971. During the fifteen years from 1972 to 1986, Juventus won nine championships and tasted victory in all the European and Intercontinental tournaments.
Vycpalek, Parola and Giampiero Boniperti were the trainers, while on the pitch Juventus featured such greats as Zoff, Scirea, Tardelli, Cabrini, Causio, Rosa, Gentile, Furino, Anastasi and Roberto Bettega today's vice-president. The Italians were complemented by superb foreigners like Michel Platini who won two championships, two European Cups, one Intercontinental Cup, three awards as the top goal-scorer and three Golden Balls in five years.
In 1990 Juventus won the UEFA Cup and the Italian Cup (with today's president Vittorio Chiusano and Dino Zoff as trainer) and the UEFA Cup again in 1993.
In 1994 a new managerial group of A.Giraudo, Luciano Moggi and Roberto Bettega (nicknamed "the triad") took over at the head of Juventus FC. They employed trainer Marcello Lippi, who immediately guided the team to their first Championship in nine years. In 1994-95 the team won the Italian Cup but lost in the final of the Uefa cup.

Juventus had won the Champions Cup only once before - on the tragic night at Heysel against Liverpool. The final match of the season in Rome saw Juventus take on Ajax for the title of European Champions. An exciting match ended in a 1-1 draw after extra time. The successful penalty kicks from Peruzzi, Ferrara, Pessotto, Padovano and Jugovic sent all Juventus supporters into ecstasy. In the following year Juventus won the Intercontinental Cup in Tokyo (Del Piero), the European Supercup against Paris Saint Germain and their 24th Scudetto. Sadly the Final of the Champions League was lost to Borussia Dortmund, but Lippi bounced back as the club won the Supercup and their 25th Championship.
羽毛球的规则


1.COURT AND COURT EQUIMENT
The court shall be a rectangle and laid out with lines 40mm wide. The lines shall be easily distinguishable and preferably be colored white or yellow. All lines form part of the area which they define. The posts shall be 1.55 meters in height from the surface of the court and shall remain vertical when the net is strained as provided in Law 1.10. The posts shall be placed on the doubles side lines, irrespective of whether singles or doubles is being played. The net shall be made of fine cord of dark color and even thickness with a mesh of not less than l5mm and not more than 20mm.The net shall be 760mm in depth and at least 6.1 meters wide.
The top of the net shall be edged with a 75mm white cloth tape doubled over a cord or cable running through the tape. This tape must rest upon the cord or cable. The cord or cable shall be stretched firmly, flush with the top of the posts. The top of the net from the surface of the court shall be 1.524 meters at the center of the court and 1.55 meters over the side lines for doubles. There shall be no gaps between the ends of the net and the posts. If necessary, the full depth of the net should be tied at the ends.
2.SHUTTLE
The shuttle may be made from natural and/or synthetic materials. From whatever material the shuttle is made, the flight characteristics generally should be similar to those produced by a natural feathered shuttle with a cork base covered by a thin layer of leather. The shuttle shall have 16 feathers fixed in the base.
The feathers shall be measured from the tip to the top of the base and each shuttle shall be of the same length. This length can be between 62mm and 70mm.The tips of the feathers shall lie on a circle with a diameter from 58mm to 68mm.The feathers shall be fastened firmly with thread or other suitable material. The base shall be 25mm to 28mm in diameter and rounded on the bottom. The shuttle shall weigh from 4.74 to 5.50 grams.
The skirt, or simulation of feathers in synthetic materials, replaces natural feathers. The base is described in Law 2.6.Measurements and weight shall be as in Laws 2.3, 2.4 and 2.7. However, because of the difference in the specific gravity and other properties of synthetic materials in comparison with feathers, a variation of up to 10 per cent is acceptable.
Subject to there being no variation in the design, speed and flight of the shuttle, modifications in the above specifications may be made with the approval of the Member Association concerned: OR In places where atmospheric conditions due to either altitude or climate make the standard shuttle unsuitable. If special circumstances exist which make it otherwise necessary in the interests of the game.
3. TESTING A SHUTTLE FOR SPEED
To test a shuttle, use a full underhand stroke which makes contact with the shuttle over the back boundary line. The shuttle shall be hit at an upward angle and in a direction parallel to the side lines.A shuttle of correct speed will land not less than 530mm and not more than 990mm short of the other back boundary line.
4.RACKET
The main racket parts are called the handle, the stringed area, the head, the shaft, the throat and the frame. The handle is the part of the racket intended to be gripped by the player. The stringed area is the part of the racket with which it is intended the player hits the shuttle. The head bounds the stringed area. The throat (if present) connects the shaft to the head. The frame is the name given to the head, throat, shaft and handle taken together.
The frame of the racket shall not exceed 680mm in overall length and 230mm in overall width. The stringed area shall be flat and consist of a pattern of crossed strings either alternately interlaced or bonded where they cross. The stringing pattern shall be generally uniform and, in particular, not less dense in the center than in any other area.
The stringed area shall not exceed 280mm in overall length and 220mm in overall width. However, the strings may extend into an area which otherwise would be the throat, provided that the width of the extended stringed area does not exceed 35mm and provided that the overall length of the stringed area does not then exceed 330mm.The racket shall be free of attached objects and protrusions, other than those used solely and specifically to limit or prevent wear and tear, or vibration, or to distribute weight, or to secure the handle by cord to the player's hand, and which are reasonable in size and placement for such purposes; and shall be free of any device which makes it possible for a player to change materially the shape of the racket.
5. EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE
The International Badminton Federation shall rule on any question of whether any racket, shuttle or equipment or any prototype used in the playing of badminton complies with the specifications. Such ruling may be undertaken on the Federation's initiative or upon application by any party with a bona fide interest therein, including any player, equipment manufacturer or Member Association or member thereof.
6. TOSS
Before play commences, a toss shall be conducted and the side winning the toss shall exercise the choice in either Law. To serve or receive first. To start play at one end of the court or the other. The side losing the toss shall then exercise the remaining choice.
7. CHANGE OF ENDS
Players shall change ends: at the end of the first game; prior to the beginning of the third game (if any); and in the third game, or in a match of one game , when the leading score reaches:- 6 in a game of 11 points; or - 8 in a game of 15 points. If players omit to change ends as indicated in Law 8.1, they shall do so as soon as the mistake is discovered and the shuttle is not in play. The existing score shall stand.
8. SERVICE
In a correct service, neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service once server and receiver have taken up theit respective positions. The server and receiver shall stand within diagonally opposite service courts without touching the boundary lines of these service courts. Some part of both feet of the server and receiver must remain in contact with the surface of the court in a stationary position from the start of the service until the service is delivered. The server's reacket shall initially hit the base of the shuttle. And the whole shuttle shall be below the server's waist at the instant of being hit by the server's racket. The shaft of the server's racket at the instant of hitting the shuttle shall be pointing in a downward direction to such an extent that the whole of the head of the racket is discernibly below the whole of the server's hand holding the racket. The movement of the server's racket must continue forwards after the start of the service until the service is delivered; and the flight of the shuttle shall be upwards from the server's racket to pass over the net so that, if not intercepted, it lands in the receiver's service court (ie on or within the boundary lines). If a service is not correct by virtue of any of Laws 9.1.1 to 9.1.8, it shall be a 'fault' by the offending side. It is a 'fault' if the server, in attempting to serve, misses the shuttle.
Once the players have taken their positions, the first forward movement of the server's racket head is the start of the service. The server shall not serve before the receiver is ready but the receiver shall be considered to have been ready if a return of service is attempted. Once the service is started ,it is delivered when the shuttle is hit by the server's racket or, in attempting to serve, the server misses the shuttle. In doubles, the partners may take up any positions which do not unsight the opposing server or receiver.
有关足球的短文


Soccer is a ball and goal game usually played outdoors, also called football. Played in more than 140 countries, it is by far the most popular international sport. Two opposing team of 11 players each compete on a field preferably measuring 120 yard by 75 yard. A goal 8 yard wide and 8feet high, backed with netting, is centered on each end line. The object of the game is to advance an inflated leather ball into the opponent's goal (worth one point). The ball is kicked (often dribbled with short kicks) or advanced by the head or other parts of the body, but only the goalkeeper may use the hands. Rules infractions result in free kicks for the opposing team. The first recorded soccer game took place in England in 217 A.D. and by the 12th century the annual shrove Tuesday contest was a regular event. In the 19th century, the game was refined to emphasize only the kicking aspects. It gained tremendous popularity after spreading from Britain to the continent. The highlight of international play is the quadrennial world cup competition.
足球是一项在室外举行的球类运动。它是当今世界上最流行的一种运动，风靡１４０多个国家。两支各由１１人组成的队伍在一块长１２０码宽８码的场地上比赛。球门宽８码，高两米左右，后面架有球网，位于底线当中。比赛的基本目标就是将球踢进对方大门（一分）。通常球是通过脚，头及身体其他部位来传递（尤其是短传）。只有守门员才可以用手接球。犯规时由对方罚任意球。世界上第一场有纪录的比赛适于公元２１７年的英国。到了１１世纪，每年一届的"忏悔星期二"杯足球赛已经成为一项传统赛事。在案１８世纪，比赛因更加注重"踢"而变得魅力十足，从英国风靡整个欧洲，乃至世界。其中，每四年一届的世界杯是最重要的赛事。
Wordlist(单词表)
Outdoors 室外的
Popular 流行的
International 国际的
Opponent 对手
Inflated 膨胀的
Record 纪录
Infraction 违反
绅士运动高尔夫


Golf is a game in which players hit a small, hard ball with specially designed clubs over and outdoor course. The object is to deposit the ball in a cup, or a hole, using as few as strokes as possible. The standard course, usually, more than 6000 yard (about 5500meters)in length, is divided into 18 holes, each consisting of a tee from which the ball is initially driven the fairway, bounded by tall grass and containing natural or artificial obstacles (hazards) such as water and sand traps; and the tree, a smooth surface on which the cup(4.5 in/11.45in diameter) is located. A set of golf clubs includes 3 or 4 woods, 9 or 10 irons, on a putter for use on the green. Although its origin is unknown, golf is identified with Scotland, where it was played as early as 1527. The British open tournament club was established in 1860. The game may have been played in America in the 11th century, with the first permanent club, at Yonker, N.Y. was not organized until 1888. In the 20th century, golf experienced a tremendous increase in popularity .The professional tour, led by such stars as Arnold PA( MER and JACK NICKLAW) emerged a s a major attraction after world war two.
wordlist:
specially 专门地 design 设计 deposit 存(钱),送入 standard 标准divided 分开obstacle 障碍
自行车，摩托车比赛术语


car 车类运动
velodrome, cycling stadium 自行车赛车场
road race 公路赛
race 计时赛
chase 追逐赛
motorcycle, motorbike 摩托车
racing car 赛车
racing driver 赛车驾驶员
rally 汽车拉力赛
竞技体育比赛常用语


race 跑
middle-distance race 中长跑
long-distance runner 长跑运动员
sprint 短跑 (美作:dash)
the 400 metre hurdles 400米栏
marathon 马拉松
decathlon 十项
cross-country race 越野跑
jump 跳跃
jumping 跳跃运动
high jump 跳高
long jump 跳远 (美作:broad jump)
triple jump, hop step and jump 三级跳
pole vault 撑竿跳
throw 投掷
throwing 投掷运动
putting the shot, shot put 推铅球
throwing the discus 掷铁饼
throwing the hammer 掷链锤
throwing the javelin 掷标枪
walk 竞走

常见射箭场地、器材用语


射箭 archery
箭 arrow
箭筒 arrow carrier
箭袋 arrow case
靶垫 boss
弓 bow
蓝区 blue zone
靶 buttress
护胸 chestplate
弓弦 cord
武术比赛器材用语


武术 Martial Arts 　　　 　叉 fork
刀 broadsword 　　 　太极拳 hexagram boxing
飞功 chikung 　　　　　　　钩 hook
棍 cudgel 　　　　　　　 　剑 rapier
匕首 dagger　　　　　　 　 散打 free combat
双剑 double swords　　　　 盾 shield
拳法 fist position
乒乓球场地、器材用语


远台back court　　　　　　　　 台的边缘 edge of table
中台 middle court 　　　　　　 球台端线 front edge of table
近台 short court 　　　　　　　(球台)中区 centre zone
中线 center　　　　　　　　　　(球台)近网区 net zone
台角 corner of table 　　　　　接球员的左半区 receiver's left half court
网柱 pole　　　　　　　　　　　接球员的右半区 receiver's right half court
全台 full court 　　　　　　　 底线区 goal zone
常见排球比赛用语
排球场地 volleyball court
一方场区 court
对方场区 opponent's court
发球区 service area
进攻线 attack line
裁判台 official's tribune
标志杆 vertical rod
端线 back line
后区 back zone
进攻区 attack zone
篮球场地、器材及比赛用语
球场 playing court